Orta-Seviye İngilizce için Önerdiğim

Sıfat Dağarcığı Kontrol Listesi

Common Adjectives Check List

Intermediate Level / for Turkish Students of ESL

Sözcükleri peşinen sınıflamak, aslında hiç inanmadığım (çünkü yanıltıcı olabilen) bir uğraştır. Yapısalcı/işlevselci dilbilim anlayışıma göre, her sözcüğü içinde geçtiği her yeni cümlede yüklendiği işleve göre yeniden sınıflanmak gerekir. Yine de, "Sınıflayın beni... Ben çoğunlukla, hatta genellikle, sıfat işlevimle karşınıza çıkarım," diye avaz avaz bağıran sözcükler vardır. Bunları toplu halde listelersem, bunun şu andaki durumunuzu saptamanıza ve eksiklerinizi tamamlamanıza katkısı olacağını düşündüm.

Lütfen listeyi gözden geçiriniz. Tanıyamadığınız, emin olmadığınız sözcükleri sözlüğe danışarak öğreniniz. Ayrıca, internet araştırma motorları aracılığı ile kullanım örnekleri avlayarak, sözcüğü dağarcığınıza nüansları ile yerleştirmeye bakınız. "Orta-seviye", hatta biraz üstü İngilizce için buradaki "betimleme sözcükleri" (sıfatlar) olmazsa olmaz niteliktedir.

Bu tür bir listenin eksiksiz / fazlasız olmasını beklemek fazla iddialı olur. Sonuçta, deneyim ve kanaatlerime göre oluşturulmuş bir listedir. Bir başka kişi listeleme yapsa, genelde buradaki ile uyuşan, ama ayrıntıda çok farklı bir liste ortaya çıkacağı kesindir.

Bu çalışmaya argo sözcükleri dahil etmedim. Karşı olduğum için değil; öğrencileri kullanım tercihlerinde yanıltmanak için. Bir de tabiatıyla argo sözcükler gelip geçici "balıklar" gibidir: bugün tutulur, yarın tutulmazlar... Ayrıca, Türk öğrencilerin kendi dilimizden bileceklerini veya tahmin edebileceklerini düşündüğüm sözcükleri de listeye almadım. Örnekler: acute, arctic, atomic, atmospheric, intellectual, linguistic, mystical, veterinary, zoological, vb gibi. Sıfat anlamının kök sözcükten kolaylıkla tahmin edilebileceği kimi durumlarda da listenin şişirmeme yolunu seçtim: angelic, volcanic, knowledgeable, vb gibi.

Bu listede yaklaşık 1000 sözcük yer alıyor. Peki, listeyi gözden geçirirken "biliyorum" kanısıyla atlayıp geçeceğiniz her sözcük acaba gerçekten dağarcığınızda mutlu ve korunmalı yaşamakta mıdır? Kendinizi sınamak için, bu sayfayı izleyen testlere geçiniz. Linklerini sayfa sonunda bulacaksınız.

Yalçın İzbul, 31 Ekim 2006

NOT: Kaynak göstererek eğitimde yararlanabilirsiniz.

http://www.ingilizce-ders.com/ingilizce-ders/pratik-ingilizce.htm

able
abnormal
abrupt
absent
absolute
active
actual
additional
adequate
admirable
adorable
advanced
afraid
aggressive
aimless
alarming
alert
alien
alike
alright
alternative
amateur
amazing
ambitious
ample
amusing
ancient
angry
annoyed / annoying
annual
anxious
apolegetic
appalling
appealing
appropriate
approximate
armed
arrogant
artistic
ashamed
astonishing
athletic
attentive
attractive
audible
authentic
autobiographical
automatic
available
average
aware
awesome
awful
awkward

-- B --

back
backward
bad
balanced
bald
bankrupt
barbarian
bare
basic
beautiful
beneficial
bewildered / bewildering
big
bitter
black
blank
blind
blinding
blonde
bloody
blue
blunt
blurred
blushing
boiling
bold
bored
boring
bottomless
brainy
brave
breezy
brief
bright
brilliant
broad
broken
bruised
brutal
bumpy
busy

-- C --

calm
capable
careful / careless
casual
catastrophic
cautious
central
certain
characteristic
charming
cheap
cheerful
chief
childish / childlike
chilly
choral
chronic
circular
civilized
classic / classical
clean
clear
clever
close
closed
cloudy
clumsy
coarse
cold
collective
coloured
colourful
combined
comfortable
comic / comical
commanding
commercial
common
commonplace
compact
comparative
competent
competitive
complete
complex
complicated
comprehensive
compulsory
conceited
concerned
confidential
confused / confusing
concious
considerable
constructive
contemporary
continual
continuous
convenient
conventional
cool
correct
cosmic
costly
courageous
cowardly
crazy
creative
creepy
criminal
critical
crowded
crude
cruel
cubic
cuddly
cultural
curious
curly
current
curved
customary
cute

-- D --

daily
damaged
damp
dangerous
dark
dead
deaf
deafening
dear
deep
defeated
destructive
defiant
definite
delicious
delightful
dense
depressed
detailed
determined
difficult
different
direct
dirty
disgusted / disgusting
distant
distinct
distinctive
disturbed / disturbing
dizzy
domestic
dominant
double
doubtful
dramatic
dreadful
drowsy
drunk / drunken
dry
dried
due
dull
durable
dusty
dutiful

-- E --

eager
early
earnest
eastern
easy
eccentric
economic
economical
educated
effective
efficient
elastic
elder / elderly
electrical
elegant
elementary
embarrassed
emotional
empty
enchanting
encouraging
endless
energetic
enormous
enough
enthusiastic
entire
envious
environmental
equal
erect
essential
eternal
even
eventual
exact
excellent
exceptional
excited / exciting
existing
expensive
experienced
extensive
external
extinct
extra
extraordinary
extravagant
extreme
exterior
even
evil

-- F --

faint
fair
faithful
fake
false
famous
familiar
fancy
fantastic
far
fast
fat
fatal
favourite
female
fertile
fierce
filthy
final
fine
first
flat
flexible
following
foolish
foreign
formal
forward
fragile
frank
free
freezing / frozen
frequent
fresh
friendly
frightened / frightening
front
fruitful
full
fundamental
funny
furious
further
future

-- G --

gay
general
generous
genetic
gentle
genuine
giddy
gigantic
glad
glamorous
glittering
gloomy
glorious
glowing
golden
good
good-looking
graceful
gradual
grand
grateful
gray / grey
greasy
great
green
grieving
gross
grotesque
guilty

-- H --

handsome
happy
hard
hard-working
harsh
healthy
heavy
helpful
helpless
hidden
hideous
high
hilly
historic
historical
hoarse
holy
homesick
honest
honourable
hopeful / hopeless
horizontal
hospitable
hostile
hot
huge
human
humid
humorous
hungry
hurt
hygienic
 

-- I --

icy
ideal
identical
idle
ignorant
ill
illegal
immediate
immense
important
impossible
improbable
inadequate
incapable
incompetent
incomplete
inconvenient
incorrect
independent
indigo
individual
indirect
industrial
industrious
inexpensive
inexperienced
infamous
informal
initial
innocent
inquisitive
insane
insensitive
intelligent
intense
intensive
interesting
interior
internal
international
invisible
involuntary
irregular

-- J --

jealous
jesting
joint
joyful / joyous
juicy
junior
just

-- K --

keen
key
kind
kingly
knotty

-- L --

large
last
late
laughable
lawful / lawless
lazy
leading
leafy
leaky / leaking
lean
left
legal
legendary
legible
legitimate
lengthy
lenient
lethal
level
less
liable
liberal
lifelike
light
like
likely
limited / limitless
linear
linking
liquid
literary
little
live
lively
living
loaded
local
locked
logical
lonely
long
long-term
loose
lordly
lost
loud
lovable
lovely
loving
low
lower
loyal
lucid
lucky
ludicrous
lukewarm
luminous
lumpy
lunar
luring
luxurious
lyric / lyrical

-- M --

mad
magic, magical
magnificent
main
major
male
maniac
manly
manual
many
massive
matching
material
mature
maximum
mean
meaningful / meaningless
mechanical
medical
medium
mental
merry
middle
mighty
military
mild
miniature
minimum
minor
miserable
misleading
missing
mistaken
misty
mixed
moderate
modern
modest
modified
moist
momentary
monotone
monumental
moral
mortal
motionless
muddy
multiple
musical
mutual
mysterious

-- N --

naked
narrow
nasty
national
natural
naughty
near
neat
necessary
negative
neighbouring
nervous
new
nice
noisy
normal
northern
notable

-- O --

obedient
official
OK
old
old-fashioned
open
opposite
ordinary
orange
original
outrageous
outstanding
overall

-- P --

panicky
particular
passive
past
peaceful
perfect
permanent
personal
pink
plain
pleasant
pleased / pleasing
poor
popular
positive
possible
potential
powerful
practical
precious
present
pretty
previous
prickly
primary
prime
principal
prior
private
prior
probable
professional
profitable
proper
proud
public
puzzled

-- Q --

quick
quiet

-- R --

rainy
rapid
rare
rational
ready
real
reasonable
recent
red
regional
regular
relative
relaxed
relevant
relieved
religious
remaining
repulsive
reserved
responsible
revolting
rich
right
ripe
robust
rotten
rough
round
royal
rural

-- S --

sad
safe
salty
same
sandy
sane
sanitary
sarcastic
satanic
satisfactory
savage
scalding
scared
scary
scientific
seasonal
second / secondary
secret
secure
selected / selective
selfish
senior
sensational
sensible / senseless
sensitive
sentimental
separate
serious
severe
sexual
shaky
shallow
shameful / shameless
sharp
shiny
shocking
short
showy
shy
sick
significant
silent
silly
similar
simple
single
skinny
sleepy / sleepless
slender
slight
slim
slimy
slippery
slow
small
smart
smelly
smooth
snowy
sober
social
soft
solar
sole
solid
solo
sore
sorry
sour
southern
sparkling
special
specific
splendid
spotless
square
stale
standard
steady
steep
sticky
stiff
stinky
stormy
straight
straightforward
strange
strict
strong
stuffy
stupid
substantial
successful
subsequent
sudden
sufficient
suitable
sunny
super / superior
superficial
sure
sweet
swift
symbolic
sympathetic

-- T --

tall
tame
tasteless
tasty
technical
temporary
tense
terrible
thick
thin
third
thirsty
thoughtful / thoughtless
thorny
thorough
thundering
tidy
tight
tiny
tired
top
torn
total
traditional
tragic / tragical
triangular
troubled
true
typical

-- U --

ugly
ultra
unbelievable
uncertain
uncomfortable
unconscious
undesirable
uneven
unfair
unfortunate
unfriendly
ungrateful
unhappy
unimportant
uniform
unique
united
universal
unlikely
unlucky
unnecessary
unpopular
unpleasant
unripe
unspeakable / unthinkable
unsuccessful
untidy
unwritten
upper
upset
urban
urgent
useful / useless
usual / unusual

-- V --

vacant
vague
valid
valuable
variable
various
vast
vertical
victorious
vigorous
violent
violet
virgin
visible
visual
vital
vivid
vocal
voluntary
vulgar
vulnerable

- W --

wary
weak
wealthy
weary
welcome
well
western
wet
whispering
white
whole
wicked
wide
wild
windy
wonderful
wooden
woolen
worried
wounded
wild
witty
wrong

-- Y --

yellow
young
youngish
youthful